Just to add a bit to this, I've changed my rear sprocket to a 42t and a 510 chain. As everything in life it's got its pros and cons. It was simple to do but I do have a breaker and rivetter. I split the old chain the attached the front of the new one to the rear of the old one and pulled it around the front sprocket. Replacement chain and sprocket are of really good quality as well. I find all the gears a lot more useable and gear changes very smooth. The 5th gear is now much better for touring as the revs are lower and it seems less vibey.
I can't comment on the fuel efficiency side as I've not had it on for long enough.
I find myself using first and second a lot more around town but as said above, there a lot more useable now.
With all the additions I've made it's one of the better ones and one I would recommend.